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Types of Ownership
- Marketable Title – An ownership interest that a well-informed buyer can reasonably be expected to accept and that the buyer can transfer in a future transaction. This is conveyed by the property seller.
- Chain of Title – The history of conveyances and encumbrances that can be found in the public records.
- Title Search – A search to reveal the chain of title.
- Grantee Index – The name of the grantor to the current owner (grantee). Follow chain back to first recorded document of the property. Similar for grantor index.
- Estate in Severalty (sole ownership) – Occurs when property is held by one person or a single legal entity.
- Tenancy in Common – Involves two or more individuals who own an undivided interest in real property without rights to survivorship.
- Survivorship – The right of a surviving joint tenant to receive a co-owner’s share of interest upon the death of a co-owner.
- Joint Tenancy – Involves two or more people but includes a right of survivorship.
- Four Unities for Valid Joint Tenancy
- Unity of Time – All tenants acquire interest at same moment.
- Unity of Title – All tenants acquire interest from same source.
- Unity of Interest – Each tenant has equal percentage of ownership.
- Unity of Possession – Each tenant enjoys same undivided interest in whole property.
- Tenancy by the Entirety – A joint tenancy specifically for married couples in non-community property states. It has all four unities plus unity of person, which legal premise is that husband and wife are an indivisible legal unit.
- Community Property – Based on premise that each spouse in a marriage is a partner with an equal interest in the property and requires signature of both spouses to transfer property.
- Partnerships – Both general and limited partnerships.
- Joint Venture – Created to accomplish a single business venture.
- REIT – Real Estate Investment Trust avoids double taxation of corporation, which holds a variety of real estate.
- Inter Vivos Trust – Created during the lifetime of one individual for the benefit of another.
- Land Trust – Created to conceal the identity of the owner(s). Land is only asset of the trust and the title is conveyed to the trustee
- Bundle of Rights – What you get when you acquire real estate.
- Fee Simple Estate – Highest form of ownership in real property, who has following rights:
- Occupy, rent or mortgage the property
- Sell, dispose of, or transfer ownership of the property.
- Build on the property (or destroy buildings that are already part of the property).
- Mine or extract oil, gas, and minerals.
- Restrict or allow the use of the property to others.
- Leasehold Estate – Gives the holder of the estate a right to occupy the property until the end of the lease when the right will revert to the fee simple holder.
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